Earthworks are the most time-consuming and difficult in construction and account for approximately 10% of the total cost and labor intensity.

Earthworks include:

• loosening of hard and rocky soil for further development;
• separation of pits, trenches and channels;
• stripping;
• moving soil to the dump;
• construction of embankments with soil compaction;
• cleaning the bottom and slopes of earthworks;
• backfilling of pits and trenches after foundations and pipes have been laid;
• soil compaction;
• surface layout.